The main indications for EE are: the treatment of patients with residual or recurrent choledocolithiasis and with duodenal papilla stenosis. Its favorable results and the best knowledge of its technique have increased and motivated the emergence of new therapeutic indications, being widely used throughout the world; more than 70,000 EE are performed annually, and its therapeutic development is expanded by including balloon dilation, benign and malignant strictures, placement of nasobiliary catheter in acute cholangitis, treatment of pancreatic pathology such as acute pancreatitis and benign or malignant stenosis; in the treatment of complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, bile duct injury with or without fistula, retained stones, etc.
Its role as a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of patients with benign or malignant obstruction has gained worldwide acceptance. It is the therapeutic of choice in patients with kidney stones, reaching a 90% success rate in their removal.
Other indications include: Oddi sphincter dysfunction, biliary pancreatitis, well syndrome, papillary tumors, choledococele, removal of fragments of bile duct stones after extracorporeal lithotripsy, and acute cholangitis.